Vascular Plants of the Gila Wilderness

Presented in Association with the
Western New Mexico University Department of Natural Sciences

Poaceae
(Grass Family)


The grasses are a diverse group of monocots with a wide range of uses and habitat. They are found virtually everywhere in New Mexico. There have been more than 480 species identified in the state. Many of the key characteristics of the family require some magnification to see, and this has most likely been an obstacle to more widespread public interest in grass identification. With some practice though, identification becomes easier.

Grass leaf cross sections look different across the different genera, and the compound scope can be used to identify grasses at least to genus if all that one has is a small portion of a leaf.

A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico by Kelly W. Allred is the source text for keys and information about the grasses of this area.
All measurements used in the photos are metric.


Aegilops cylindrica (Jointed Goatgrass)
Agrostis gigantea (Redtop)
Agrostis scabra (Ticklegrass)
Agrostis stolonifera (Creeping Bentgrass)
Alopecurus aequalis (Shortawn Foxtail)
Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)
Aristida adscensionis (Six-weeks Threeawn)
Aristida arizonica (Arizona Threeawn)
Aristida divaricata (Poverty Threeawn)
Aristida havardii (Havard's Threeawn)
Aristida purpurea (Purple Threeawn)
Aristida schiedeana var. orcuttiana (Single Threeawn)
Aristida ternipes var. gentilis (Hook Threeawn)
Arundo donax (Giant Reed)
Avena fatua (Wild Oats)
Beckmannia syzigachne subsp. baicalensis (Sloughgrass)
Bothriochloa barbinodis (Cane Beardgrass)
Bothriochloa bladhii (Australian Bluestem)
Bothriochloa ischaemum (Yellow Bluestem)
Bothriochloa springfieldii (Springfield's Bluestem)
Bothriochloa torreyana (Silver Bluestem)
Bouteloua aristidoides (Needle Grama)
Bouteloua barbata (Sixweeks Grama)
Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-oats Grama)
Bouteloua dactyloides (Buffalo Grass)
Bouteloua eriopoda (Black Grama)
Bouteloua gracilis (Blue Grama)
Bouteloua hirsuta (Hairy Grama)
Bouteloua radicosa (Purple Grama)
Bouteloua simplex (Mat Grama)
Bromus carinatus (Mountain Brome)
Bromus catharticus (Rescuegrass)
Bromus ciliatus (Fringed Brome)
Bromus diandrus (Ripgut Brome)
Bromus frondosus (Weeping Brome)
Bromus inermis (Smooth Brome)
Bromus madritensis (Red Brome)
Bromus porteri (Porter's Brome)
Bromus squarrosus (Japanese Brome)
Bromus tectorum (Cheat Grass)
Cenchrus spinifex (Coastal Sandbur)
Chloris verticillata (Tumble Windmillgrass)
Chloris virgata (Feather Fingergrass)
Cortaderia selloana (Pampas Grass)
Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)
Dactylis glomerata (Orchardgrass)
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Durban Crowfoot)
Deschampsia cespitosa (Tufted Hairgrass)
Digitaria sanguinalis (Hairy Crabgrass)
Dinebra panicea subsp. brachiata (Red Sprangletop)
Disakisperma dubium (Green Sprangletop)
Echinochloa colona (Jungle Rice)
Echinochloa crusgalli (Barnyard Grass)
Elymus arizonicus (Arizona Wheatgrass)
Elymus canadensis (Canada Wildrye)
Elymus elymoides subsp. brevifolius (Longleaf Squirreltail)
Elymus ponticus (Tall Wheatgrass)
Elymus repens (Quackgrass)
Elymus trachycaulis (Slender Wheatgrass)
Enneapogon desvauxii (Spike Pappusgrass)
Eragrostis barrelieri (Mediterranean Lovegrass)
Eragrostis cilianensis (Stinkgrass)
Eragrostis curvula (Weeping Lovegrass)
Eragrostis intermedia (Plains Lovegrass)
Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann's Lovegrass)
Eragrostis mexicana (Mexican Lovegrass)
Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea(Carolina Lovegrass)
Eriochloa acuminata (Texas Cupgrass)
Eriocoma hymenoides (Indian Ricegrass)
Eriocoma perplexa (New Mexico Needlegrass)
Erioneuron pilosum (Hairy Tridens)
Festuca calligera (Southwestern Fescue)
Festuca thurberi (Thurber's Fescue)
Glyceria grandis (American Mannagrass)
Glyceria striata (Fowl Mannagrass)
Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata (Needle-and-Thread)
Hesperostipa neomexicana (New Mexico Feathergrass)
Hilaria belangeri (Curly Mesquite)
Hilaria mutica (Tobosa)
Hopia obtusa (Vine Mesquite)
Hordeum brachyantherum (Meadow Barley)
Hordeum jubatum (Foxtail Barley)
Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum (Wall Barley)
Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley)
Koeleria macrantha (Junegrass)
Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass)
Lolium perenne (Perennial Rye Grass)
Melica porteri (Porter's Melica)
Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Wolftail)
Muhlenbergia arenicola (Sand Muhly)
Muhlenbergia dubia (Pine Muhly)
Muhlenbergia emersleyi (Bullgrass)
Muhlenbergia fragilis (Delicate Muhly)
Muhlenbergia longiligula (Longtongue Muhly)
Muhlenbergia minutissima (Least Muhly)
Muhlenbergia montana (Mountain Muhly)
Muhlenbergia paniculata (Tumblegrass)
Muhlenbergia pauciflora (New Mexico Muhly)
Muhlenbergia porteri (Bush Muhly)
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Green Muhly)
Muhlenbergia repens (Creeping Muhly)
Muhlenbergia rigens (Deergrass)
Muhlenbergia rigida (Purple Muhly)
Muhlenbergia sinuosa (Barrens Muhly)
Muhlenbergia straminea (Screwleaf Muhly)
Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Mesa Muhly)
Muhlenbergia torreyi (Ring Muhly)
Muhlenbergia tricholepis (Pine Dropseed)
Muhlenbergia wrightii (Spike Muhly)
Munroa pulchella (Fluffgrass)
Munroa squarrosa (False Buffalograss)
Panicum capillare (Witchgrass)
Panicum hallii (Hall's Panicum)
Panicum hirticaule var. hirticaule (Mexican Witchgrass)
Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)
Pascopyrum smithii (Western Wheatgrass)
Paspalum dilatatum (Dallisgrass)
Paspalum distichum (Knotgrass)
Pennisetum villosum (Feathertop)
Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canarygrass)
Phleum pratense (Timothy)
Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Pinon Ricegrass)
Piptochaetium pringlei (Pringle's Needlegrass)
Poa annua (Annual Bluegrass)
Poa compressa (Canada Bluegrass)
Poa fendleriana (Muttongrass)
Poa pratensis (Kentucky Bluegrass)
Polypogon monspeliensis (Rabbitfootgrass)
Polypogon viridis (Water Polypogon)
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Tall Fescue)
Schismus barbatus (Mediterraneangrass)
Schizachyrium cirratum (Texas Bluestem)
Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)
Scleropogon brevifolius (Burrograss)
Secale cereale (Rye)
Setaria adhaerens (Clinging Bristlegrass)
Setaria grisebachii (Grisebach's Bristlegrass)
Setaria leucopila (Plains Bristlegrass)
Setaria viridis (Green Bristlegrass)
Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass)
Sorghum halapense (Johnson Grass)
Sphenopholis obtusata (Prairie Wedgescale)
Sporobolus contractus (Spike Dropseed)
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Sand Dropseed)
Sporobolus giganteus (Giant Dropseed)
Sporobolus wrightii (Giant Sacaton)
Tragus berteronianus (Spike Burgrass)
Trichachne californica (Arizona Cottontop)
Urochloa arizonica (Arizona Signalgrass)
Urochloa fusca (Browntop Signalgrass)
Vulpia octoflora (Six-Weeks Fescue)
Zuloagaea bulbosa (Bulb Panicum)


Back to the Index